Sprott School of Business

Turning Research into Business-Ready Solutions

A comprehensive framework for TIM students, faculty, and clients to transform academic research into market-ready innovations through structured innovation processes.

3
Stages
20
Steps
TRL
Framework
Framework Overview

Transforming Research into Business Solutions

Grounded in the internationally recognized Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework, our systematic approach ensures academic rigor meets business practicality.

Common Framework

Creates alignment between students, faculty, and clients through shared understanding and consistent expectations.

TRL-Based Stages

Three structured stages—Feasibility, Prototype, and Deployment—with clear checkpoints and measurable outcomes.

Business Value

Market assessments, ROI analyses, and risk maps provide clarity for informed, de-risked investment decisions.

Who Benefits

Students

Structured pathway to apply research in real-world contexts and produce measurable impact through practical deliverables.

Clients

Practical value through market assessments, ROI analyses, and risk maps that support informed investment decisions.

Faculty

Academic standards maintained through evidence-based processes and consistent, transparent deliverables.

Innovation Process

Three Stages of Maturity

Based on NASA's Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework, our systematic approach guides innovation from concept to market-ready solutions.

Feasibility

Stage 1

Is this concept technically possible?

Problem definition & scoping
Literature review & evidence
Proof-of-concept experiments
Initial risk assessment

Prototype

Stage 2

Can it work in practice?

Use case development
Working prototype creation
Pilot testing & validation
User feedback integration

Deployment

Stage 3

Can it scale reliably?

Regulatory compliance
Market scaling strategy
ROI optimization
Full deployment execution

Technology Readiness Level Framework

1-3

Basic Research

Fundamental principles, proof-of-concept

4-6

Applied Research

Technology development, prototyping

7-9

System Development

System integration, full deployment

How to Use

Getting Started Guide

A systematic approach to navigating the framework and maximizing your innovation outcomes.

1

Identify Stage

Assess your project's current maturity level and choose the appropriate stage.

Early concept exploration
Working prototype development
Market scaling preparation
2

Follow Steps

Each stage contains 20 systematic steps with clear activities and deliverables.

Activity descriptions
Concrete deliverables
Decision checkpoints
3

Produce Outputs

Create concrete deliverables that demonstrate progress and quality assurance.

Research documentation
Risk assessments
Decision logs
4

Review & Decide

Use Gate Reviews as formal checkpoints for informed decision-making.

Progress assessment
Risk evaluation
Go/no-go decisions

Best Practices

Collaborative Approach

Involve stakeholders early and maintain regular communication throughout the process.

Time Management

Balance thoroughness with efficiency, especially when working with client time constraints.

Iterative Process

Be prepared to revisit earlier steps as new information and insights emerge.

Flexible Framework

Adapt the guide to your project needs while maintaining core structure and documentation.

Stage 1

Feasibility Guide

Assess whether your research concept is technically feasible and commercially viable through systematic exploration and validation.

Phase 1

Problem Definition & Opportunity Assessment

Establish the foundation by clearly defining the problem space and identifying key opportunities for innovation.

1

Kickoff & Context

Establish project foundation

Define the problem, scope, and scientific/technical relevance while identifying initial stakeholders and leadership roles.

Problem statement
Scope document
Initial stakeholder list
RACI matrix
2

Plan Evidence Review

Design research methodology

Design the evidence review process, including research questions, methods, and sources to explore feasibility systematically.

Evidence review protocol
Research questions
Target sources list
Search strategy
3

Search & Collect

Gather evidence sources

Conduct comprehensive searches across academic, patent, and technical sources to build your evidence base.

Search log
Collected sources corpus
4

Screen & Extract

Analyze and extract data

Screen gathered materials and extract feasibility-relevant data including mechanisms, constraints, and prior attempts.

Extraction table
Feasibility evidence notes
5

Group & Summarize

Organize findings

Organize extracted data into thematic categories and identify opportunity areas alongside potential risks.

Key themes summary
Opportunity and risk map
6

Prioritize

Rank opportunities

Rank opportunities and feasibility questions by novelty, risk level, and client value to focus resources effectively.

Prioritized feasibility questions
Prioritized opportunities
7

Gate Review 1

Critical decision point

Enable the client to decide whether the concept merits investment in prototype development based on feasibility findings.

Gate 1 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether to proceed with prototype development investment

Phase 2

Design and Test Plan

Develop experimental designs and establish success criteria to validate your concept through rigorous testing.

8

Set Decision Criteria

Define success metrics

Define clear success metrics for feasibility validation, including accuracy, reproducibility, and performance benchmarks.

Success criteria document
9

Create & Compare Options

Develop experimental designs

Develop multiple experimental setups for feasibility testing and evaluate them against your decision criteria.

Comparative options matrix
Draft experimental setups
10

Choose Best Option

Select optimal approach

Select the most promising experimental setup and document assumptions and risks associated with your choice.

Selected option rationale
Initial risk list
11

Build Solution Design

Define experimental design

Define lab-scale experiments including technical specifications, roles, budget, and timelines for feasibility testing.

Solution design document
Draft budget
Role assignments
12

Make Implementation Plan

Create testing roadmap

Create a detailed roadmap for feasibility testing with milestones, timelines, and resource allocation.

Implementation plan
Timeline with milestones
13

Plan Measurement

Define validation methods

Define methods for measuring validity, reproducibility, and other key performance indicators.

Measurement plan
KPI definitions
14

Gate Review 2

Resource allocation decision

Enable the client to decide whether feasibility testing should proceed with allocated resources.

Gate 2 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether feasibility testing should proceed with resources

Phase 3

Evidence Integration & Prototype Preparation

Synthesize findings, address gaps, and prepare a comprehensive package for prototype development decisions.

15

Gather Feedback

Stakeholder validation

Share experimental results with faculty, clients, and stakeholders to gather feedback and refine interpretations.

Feedback summary and evaluation reports
Updated interpretations
16

Fill Gaps

Address missing evidence

Conduct additional tests to resolve missing evidence and strengthen the feasibility case.

Supplementary test results
Explanation on how gaps were filled
17

Stress-Test & Reduce Risks

Validate robustness

Test robustness under varied conditions to identify and mitigate potential risks.

Stress test results
Updated risk list
18

Check Evidence Links

Validate conclusions

Verify that all conclusions are supported by credible evidence and document the linkages.

Evidence-to-claims table
19

Simplify & Package

Create deliverables

Package feasibility results in accessible deliverables for client and faculty review.

Feasibility summary package
Experiment reports
IP disclosures
20

Final Gate Review

Prototype commitment decision

Allow decision-makers to commit resources to building a prototype with confidence based on comprehensive feasibility findings.

Gate 3 Feasibility slide deck
Gate 3 decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether to commit resources to prototype build

Stage 2

Prototype Guide

Build and validate working models in real-world environments to demonstrate practical feasibility and user acceptance.

Phase 1

Frame Use Cases & Assess Opportunities

Define practical applications and evaluate opportunities for prototype development in real-world contexts.

1

Kickoff & Context

Establish project foundation

Define use cases, pilot environments, and constraints while identifying intended end-users and clarifying leadership roles.

Documented use cases
Defined pilot environment
End-user profile
Constraints list
RACI matrix
2

Plan Evidence Review

Design research methodology

Plan evidence review focusing on applied feasibility, competing approaches, and industry standards.

Evidence review protocol
Search strategy
List of benchmarks and standards
3

Search & Collect

Gather evidence sources

Gather evidence from applied studies, benchmarks, pilot trials, and intellectual property databases.

Search log
Collected pilot studies and benchmark reports
Relevant IP documents
4

Screen & Extract

Analyze and extract data

Extract data on performance, usability, scalability, and risks from gathered sources.

Extraction table
Notes on performance and risk factors
5

Group & Summarize

Organize findings

Organize extracted data into themes focusing on usability, performance, and compliance.

Thematic summary
Opportunity and risk map
6

Prioritize

Rank opportunities

Rank prototype opportunities by feasibility, impact, and alignment with client goals.

Prioritized opportunity list
7

Gate Review 1

Critical decision point

Enable the client to decide which use cases and prototype opportunities should move forward to testing.

Gate 1 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide which use cases to assess

Phase 2

Design & Execute Prototype Test Plan

Develop comprehensive prototype designs and establish rigorous testing frameworks to validate functionality and performance.

8

Set Decision Criteria

Define success metrics

Define prototype success metrics including performance, usability, and compliance benchmarks.

Success criteria document
9

Create & Compare Solutions

Develop prototype designs

Develop multiple prototype designs and evaluate them against decision criteria.

Prototype options matrix
Draft prototype designs
10

Choose Best Option

Select optimal design

Select the best prototype design and document assumptions and risks.

Selected option rationale
Updated risk list
11

Build Prototype Design

Define prototype specifications

Define prototype scope, specifications, and technical design for pilot deployment.

Prototype design document
Specification sheet
12

Make Implementation Plan

Create deployment roadmap

Plan pilot deployment in a relevant environment with milestones and resources.

Pilot implementation plan
Timeline with milestones
Resource allocation
13

Plan Measurement

Define validation methods

Define KPIs for pilot testing including usability, reliability, and satisfaction metrics.

Measurement plan
KPI set
14

Gate Review 2

Prototype readiness decision

Ensure the client can decide whether the prototype is ready for real-world piloting.

Gate 2 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide if prototype is ready for piloting

Phase 3

Refine Evidence & Prepare for Deployment

Validate prototype performance, address weaknesses, and prepare comprehensive documentation for deployment decisions.

15

Gather Feedback

Collect user insights

Collect structured feedback from pilot users and stakeholders to evaluate prototype performance.

Feedback summary and evaluation reports
User evaluation reports
16

Fill Gaps

Address weaknesses

Conduct additional tests to address weaknesses identified during pilot testing.

Supplementary evidence reports
Gap explanation report
17

Stress-Test & Reduce Risks

Validate robustness

Assess prototype performance under varied conditions and edge cases to reduce operational risks.

Stress test results
Updated risk assessment
18

Check Evidence Links

Validate conclusions

Verify that prototype claims are supported by pilot test data and evidence.

Evidence-to-claims table
19

Simplify & Package

Create deliverables

Package prototype results into clear deliverables for client and faculty review.

Prototype summary package
Pilot data report
Risk assessment
Draft IP strategy
20

Final Gate Review

Deployment commitment decision

Allow decision-makers to commit resources to scaling and deploying the solution based on prototype validation.

Gate 3 Prototype slide deck
Gate 3 decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether to commit to scaling

Stage 3

Deployment Guide

Scale your validated solution to market with compliance, optimization, and sustainable growth strategies.

Phase 1

Assess Market & Scaling Opportunities

Evaluate market readiness and develop comprehensive scaling strategies for sustainable growth.

1

Kickoff & Context

Establish deployment foundation

Define market segments, scaling strategies, and establish deployment leadership while identifying key stakeholders.

Market segmentation analysis
Customer profiles and segments
Partnership and channel strategy
Deployment RACI matrix
2

Plan Evidence Review

Design deployment research

Design evidence review focusing on regulatory compliance, market conditions, and scaling economics.

Deployment evidence protocol
Regulatory and market search strategy
Compliance and market intelligence sources
3

Search & Collect

Gather deployment evidence

Collect regulatory requirements, market intelligence, and competitive landscape data for deployment planning.

Deployment evidence search log
Regulatory compliance databases
Market intelligence reports
Phase 2

Execute & Scale Deployment

Implement scaling strategies, ensure regulatory compliance, and optimize for sustainable market growth.

4

Screen & Extract

Analyze deployment requirements

Extract regulatory requirements, market conditions, and scaling constraints from gathered evidence.

Deployment requirements extraction
Regulatory and market constraint notes
5

Group & Summarize

Organize deployment themes

Organize findings into regulatory, market, and operational themes for deployment planning.

Deployment opportunity themes
Compliance and market risk map
6

Prioritize

Rank deployment opportunities

Rank market segments and deployment strategies by regulatory feasibility and market potential.

Prioritized deployment opportunities
7

Gate Review 1

Deployment readiness decision

Enable the client to decide whether market and regulatory conditions support deployment.

Gate 1 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether to proceed with deployment

Phase 3

Optimize & Scale Operations

Monitor performance, optimize operations, and scale successfully while maintaining compliance and quality.

8

Set Decision Criteria

Define scaling success metrics

Define KPIs for deployment success including market penetration, compliance, and financial performance.

Deployment success criteria
9

Create & Compare Solutions

Develop scaling strategies

Develop and evaluate different scaling approaches including market expansion and operational optimization.

Scaling options matrix
Growth strategy options
10

Choose Best Option

Select scaling approach

Select the optimal scaling strategy based on market conditions, resources, and risk assessment.

Selected scaling strategy rationale
Scaling risk assessment
11

Build Scaling Design

Define scaling implementation

Define technical, operational, and organizational requirements for successful market scaling.

Scaling implementation design
Technical and operational specifications
12

Make Implementation Plan

Create scaling roadmap

Develop detailed implementation plan with timelines, resources, and milestones for market scaling.

Scaling implementation plan
Timeline with scaling milestones
Resource and team allocation
13

Plan Measurement

Define scaling KPIs

Establish comprehensive KPIs for monitoring scaling success and operational performance.

Scaling measurement plan
Operational KPI dashboard
14

Gate Review 2

Scaling readiness decision

Ensure the organization is ready to execute the scaling plan with allocated resources and capabilities.

Gate 2 presentation
Decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide whether to execute scaling

Phase 4

Sustain & Optimize Performance

Monitor market performance, optimize operations, and ensure sustainable growth while maintaining quality and compliance.

15

Gather Performance Data

Monitor market performance

Collect and analyze performance data across all key metrics including market share, customer satisfaction, and financial performance.

Performance data collection reports
Market performance analytics
16

Address Performance Gaps

Optimize operations

Identify and address performance gaps through process improvements and operational optimizations.

Performance gap analysis reports
Optimization recommendations
17

Stress-Test Operations

Validate operational robustness

Test operational resilience under various market conditions and stress scenarios.

Operational stress test results
Operational risk assessment updates
18

Validate Performance Claims

Verify market performance

Ensure all performance claims are supported by data and market validation.

Performance claims validation table
19

Package & Report

Create performance deliverables

Package performance results and optimization recommendations for stakeholder review.

Performance summary package
Market performance report
Optimization roadmap
20

Final Deployment Review

Sustainability commitment decision

Enable decision-makers to commit to long-term sustainability strategies and continued optimization.

Final Deployment slide deck
Final decision log
Business Outcome:

Decide on long-term sustainability

Stage Comparison

Framework Overview

A comprehensive comparison of the 20 systematic steps across all three stages of the innovation process.

Step
Feasibility (Stage 1)
Prototype (Stage 2)
Deployment (Stage 3)
1 Kickoff & Context
Establish project foundation, define problem scope, and identify key stakeholders with clear leadership roles. Define use cases, pilot environments, and end-user profiles for prototype development. Establish deployment foundation with market segmentation and partnership strategies.
2 Plan Evidence Review
Design systematic review of scientific literature and technical feasibility evidence. Plan evidence review focusing on applied feasibility, competing approaches, and industry standards. Design evidence review for regulatory compliance, market conditions, and scaling economics.
3 Search & Collect
Gather evidence from academic, patent, and technical sources to assess scientific feasibility. Collect applied studies, benchmark reports, pilot trials, and intellectual property data. Gather regulatory requirements, market intelligence, and competitive landscape data.
4 Screen & Extract
Extract feasibility-relevant data including mechanisms, constraints, and prior research findings. Extract performance, usability, and risk data from applied studies and pilot reports. Extract regulatory requirements, market conditions, and scaling constraints from gathered evidence.
5 Group & Summarize
Organize extracted data into thematic categories and identify opportunity areas with risk mapping. Group findings into usability, performance, and compliance themes with opportunity mapping. Organize into regulatory, market, and operational themes with deployment risk mapping.
6 Prioritize
Rank opportunities and feasibility questions by novelty, risk level, and client value potential. Rank prototype opportunities by feasibility, impact, and alignment with client goals. Rank market segments and deployment strategies by regulatory feasibility and market potential.
7 Gate Review 1
Decision Point: Proceed with prototype development investment based on feasibility findings. Decision Point: Select which use cases and prototype opportunities to assess. Decision Point: Determine whether market and regulatory conditions support deployment.
8-14 Execute & Refine
Feasibility Phase: Set decision criteria, create experimental designs, build and test solutions, develop implementation plans. Prototype Phase: Set success criteria, create prototype designs, build specifications, plan pilot testing, and establish measurement frameworks. Deployment Phase: Set scaling criteria, create scaling strategies, build implementation designs, develop scaling plans, and establish performance monitoring.
15-19 Validate & Package
Feasibility Phase: Gather stakeholder feedback, address gaps, stress-test solutions, validate evidence links, and package results. Prototype Phase: Gather user feedback, address performance gaps, stress-test operations, validate claims, and package deliverables. Deployment Phase: Monitor performance, address gaps, stress-test operations, validate claims, and package optimization results.
20 Final Gate Review
Final Decision: Commit resources to prototype development with confidence based on comprehensive feasibility validation. Final Decision: Commit resources to scaling and deployment based on prototype validation results. Final Decision: Commit to long-term sustainability strategies and continuous optimization.

Framework Summary

20
Steps
3
Stages
60+
Deliverables
Resources

Essential Resources

Comprehensive toolkit and references to support your innovation journey from concept to market.

Glossary of Outputs

Corpus

Source collection

Comprehensive collection of academic, patent, and technical sources gathered for systematic analysis and evidence-based decision making.

Design Document

Technical specifications

Detailed technical specifications, requirements, and design parameters for prototype development and implementation.

Implementation Plan

Project roadmap

Comprehensive roadmap with milestones, resource allocation, timelines, and risk mitigation strategies for successful execution.

Risk Map

Opportunity assessment

Visual framework for identifying, assessing, and prioritizing opportunities while mapping associated technical and business risks.

Key Concepts

CIMO Logic

Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome framework

Framework

Structured way of organizing ideas and activities

Gate Review

Formal checkpoint for approving progress

KPI

Key Performance Indicator for measuring success